| 题目单词 | 释义 | 答案单词 |
| abandoned | 放弃 | desert,give up |
| abrupt | 突然的 | sudden |
| abundance/abundant | 丰富，充裕; 丰富的，充裕的 | plenty/plentiful,ample |
| accessible | 易接近的;可理解的;易相处的;易感的 | reachable |
| accidental | 偶然的 | unintentional，by chance |
| according to | 根据，按照;据…所说;如;比照 | depending on |
| accordingly | 因此/相应地 | consequently/correspondingly |
| account for | 解释了…的原因 | explain,clarify the reason for |
| accumulate | 积累 | collect over time,build up,pile up,amass |
| acquire | 获得，取得; | attain,obtain,achieve,derive,gain |
| adjacent | 附近的, 邻近的, 接近的 | neighboring,nearby,next to,in the vicinity |
| advent | 出现,到来 | arrival |
| adverse | 不利的 | hostile,negative,unfavourable |
| Affect | 影响 | influence |
| afford | 提供 | offer |
| alleged | 声称的，所谓的 | supposed,so called |
| alter | 改变 | change |
| alternate | 轮流 | take turns |
| alternative | 两者择一的; 选择 | option,choice |
| ambiguous | 模棱两可的 | vague,obscure |
| antecedent | 祖先 | predecessor,ancestor |
| anticipate | 预料 | expect |
| apart from | 除…之外 | besides,in addition to |
| apparent | 明显的 | evident,obvious,clear,distinct |
| appeal | 吸引 | attraction |
| appealing | 有魅力的 | attractive |
| approach | v.接近/n.方法 | come nearer/method,means,mechanism |
| artificial | 人造的;人工的;虚假的 | not real |
| ascribe to | 把…归因于 | attribute to |
| assess | 评估 | evaluate |
| assist/assistance | 协助 | Help,aid |
| associated with | 与…有关系的 | connected,coupled with |
| assorted | 各种各样的 | various,a variety of ,heterogeneous |
| astonishing | 惊人的 | incredible,unbelievable,surprising |
| at random | 任意地，随便地 | without a definite pattern,chance,indiscrimnate |
| attest to | 证实;证明了 | substantiate,confirm, give evidence of，verify,prove |
| attribute | 特征 | characteristic,feature,property |
| authenticity | 真实 | genuineness |
| autonomous/autonomy | 自治的，独立存在的 | independent /self-rule |
| be drawn to | 被…吸引 | be attracted towards |
| beneficial | 有益的 | helpful |
| bias/unbiased | 偏见/客观的 | prejudice/objective |
| boast | 有（引以为荣的事物） | take pride in having |
| boost | v.增加，提高 /n.激励，促进 | raise，increase/stimulus |
| by and large | 总的来说，大体而言 | for the most part |
| capacity | 能力 | ability |
| catastrophe | 灾难 | disaster |
| cease | 停止 | stop |
| chaotic | 混乱的,无序的 | disordered，unpredictable |
| chronological/chronology | 按时间先后顺序排列的 | the time and order of events |
| clues | 提示词语; | indications,hints |
| cluster | 聚集 | group,gather,assemble,collect，converge，aggregation |
| coincide with | 同时发生 | happen at the same time，simultaneously |
| coincidence | 巧合 | chance |
| collective | 集体的, 共同的, 聚集的 | as a group |
| combine | 使..合并；混合 | merge，mix，blend |
| compel | 强迫 | require,force,oblige |
| compelling | 不可抗拒的，有说服力的 | persuasive,convincing |
| components | 构成要素，零件，成分;成分 | parts,constituent |
| compose | 组成/创作 | constitute,consist of ,comprise/create |
| compound | 混合物/混合 | mixture/mix |
| conceal | 隐瞒 | disguise,hide |
| conceive | 构想、想象 | imagine，envision |
| configuration | 外形,结构 | shape，arrangement |
| confine | 限制，局限于 | restrict,limit,cramp |
| consensus | 一致意见 | agreement |
| consequently | 结果，因此 | Therefore,as a result |
| considerable | 相当大的，重大的 | significant,substantial |
| conspicuous | 引人注意的 | noticeable，marked,prominent |
| contemporary | 同时代的,当代的 | of same period，present day |
| contradict | 与…矛盾 | conflict |
| contribute to | 促进 | be a factor in,encourage,stimulate,promote |
| controversy/controversial | 争议/有争议的 | disagreement/debatable |
| converge | 汇聚 | come together |
| convert | 转变，改变 | change,transform,modify |
| cope | 成功地应付，对付;对抗 | adapt，manage |
| counter | 反驳、反击 | fight back |
| counterpart | 相当的人，对应物 | equivalent |
| criteria,criterion | 标准,尺度,准则 | standard |
| critical | 关键的 | essential,crucial,important,fundamental |
| culmination | 以…告终 | high point |
| current | 当前的 | present |
| decompose | 腐烂、分解 | decay，rot |
| deliberate/deliberation | 故意的,深思熟虑的/审议 | careful,intentional/discussion |
| delicate | 易碎的/精美的/微妙的，柔和的 | fragile,brittle/fine/subtle |
| demonstrate | 证明，证实; 论证; 显示， 演示， | show,prove |
| dense | 浓密的，密集的 | thick,compacted |
| dependable | 可靠的 | reliable |
| depict | 描绘 | describe,portray,picture |
| descendant | 后代 | posterity,offspring,next generation |
| detach | 使…分离 | separate，segregate |
| detect | 发现 | find |
| devastate | 摧毁 | destroy,ruin |
| devised | 发明，设计 | created |
| devoid of | 缺乏的 | lacking in |
| diffuse | 使…扩散 | spread out ,disperse |
| diminish | 减少，削弱 | reduce |
| dismissed | 解散，解雇 | rejected |
| display | 显示;陈列;展开 | exhibit，show |
| disputes | 争论 | arguments |
| distinctions | 不同，区别 | differences,divergence |
| distinctive | 特别的 | characteristic |
| diverse/diversification | 多样的/多样化 | varied/emergence of many varieties |
| document | 记录 | record |
| domestic | 国内的，家务的 | household |
| dominant | 占主导地位的,盛行的 | prevalent,prevailing,predominant，principal |
| dramatic | 剧烈的 | striking,drastic,severe,extreme |
| duplicated | 复制 | copied，replicate，reproduce |
| durable/duration | 持久的/持续时间 | lasting，enduring/length of time |
| dwellers | 居民，居住者 | inhabitants |
| edge | 优势 | advantage |
| edge | 边缘 | margin,border,fringe |
| elaborate | 复杂的;精细的 | complex,complicated/sophisticated, detailed |
| elaborate | 精心制作 | well develop |
| elevate | 提高 | raise |
| emergence | 出现 | raise |
| emit | 散发，排出 | discharge,release |
| enables | 能够 | allows |
| encompass | 包含，围绕 | include |
| endure | 忍耐、持续 | survive |
| engage | 使…参加 | participate,involve |
| enhance | 提高 | increase，improve |
| enormous | 巨大的 | vast，huge,tremendous,colossal,immense |
| ensure | 保证 | guarantee |
| entire/entirely | 全部的，整个的/全部地 | whole/completely,altogether |
| episode | 事件 | event |
| eradicate | 根除，消灭 | annihilate,exterminate |
| evade | 逃脱，躲避 | escape，avoid |
| eventually | 最终 | in the end/finally/ultimately/in the long run |
| exceed /exceedingly | 超过/极其、非常 | go beyond, surpass, highly,extremely, enormously, especially, intensely |
| exceptional | 优越的;杰出的;例外的;独特的 | outstanding, extraordinary, excellent, remarkable, superior |
| exclusive | 独有的 | sole |
| excrete | 排泄、分泌 | release |
| exhaust | 用光 | use up |
| experimental | 实验的 | trial |
| explicit | 明确的 | clearly expressed |
| exploit | 开发，利用 | use,utilize,take advantage of,make use of |
| extend /extended | 延伸; 扩大;长的 | stretch,prolong/long,prolonged |
| extensive | 广阔的 | substantial |
| extract | 取出；得到 | remove；obtain,derive |
| facilitate | 促进，帮助 | make easier |
| favor/favorable/unfavorable | 支持;赞成/肯定的，有利的/敌对的 | prefer/promising/hostile |
| feasible/feasiblity | 可行的/可行性 | achievable,viable/viability |
| flaw | 瑕疵，缺点; | fault,drawback,blemish,imperfection, |
| flexible | 可适应的，可调节的 | adaptable,adjustable |
| flourish | 繁荣;活跃，蓬勃 | prosper,thrive |
| fluctuation | 波动，涨落，起伏 | variations |
| formidable | 令人钦佩的 | admirable，worship |
| fuel | 燃料，提供燃料 | provide energy |
| further | 更多的;进一步地，而且 | additional |
| generate | 产生 | produce |
| give way to | 让路; 让步 | been replaced by |
| glimpse of | 瞥见，看到 | brief view |
| harsh | 恶劣的，艰苦的 | severe，inhospitable,not suitable |
| hasten | 加速，加快 | speed up,accelerate |
| hazardous | 危险的，冒险的 | dangerous |
| hence | 因此，所以;从此;从此处 | therefore |
| henceforth | 今后，自今以后 | from this time |
| homogeneous | 相同类型的 | unvarying |
| identical | 同一的;完全同样的，相同的 | exactly，alike |
| identify/unidentified | 认出,识别/未识别的 | recognize,designate,discern/anonymous |
| imitate | 模拟、模仿 | copy，simulate |
| impede/impediment | 妨碍，阻止 | inhibit,hinder,restrict/obstruct/interfere/hamper/block |
| impetus | 动力; 促进; | stimulus,incentive |
| implement | 工具， 器具/实施 | tool/carry out |
| impose on | 把…加于;强与…为伴 | place on |
| in the vicinity | 在附近 | nearby, neighboring |
| inaccessible | 达不到的; 难见到的; 不能接近的; | unreachable |
| inadequate | 不充足的; 不适当的; | deficient |
| indefinitely | 无限期地 | without limit |
| indicative/indicator | 表明 | suggesting |
| indigenous | 本地的，土著的 | native |
| induce | 导致 | cause，bring about，draw on,give rise to |
| inevitable | 不可避免的 | unavoidable |
| ingenuity/ingenious | 心灵手巧，机灵/心灵手巧的 | cleverness/clever |
| ingest | 咽下 | eat,absorb |
| initial | 最初的，开始的 | first,original |
| initiate | 开始，发起 | begin，start，launch |
| innovative | 创新的 | new |
| inspect | 检查，检验 | examine，investigate,research，survey |
| intact | 完好无损的 | undamaged |
| intense | 紧张的, 强烈的 | extreme，strong，acute,severe |
| intensive | 加强的，密集的 | concentrated |
| intentional/unintentional | 有意的，故意的/无意的 | on purpose,deliberate/accidental |
| intermittently | 间歇地;断断续续 | occasionally |
| intricate | 复杂的, 缠结的, 错综的 | complex，complicated |
| justify | 证明…是正当的 | support |
| keep in check | 阻止，约束 | limit |
| keep pace with | 跟上步伐，保持同步 | catch up with |
| key | 关键的，重要的 | important， essential, critical, integral, vital, indispensable |
| lateral | 侧部，侧面 | side |
| likewise | 同样地 | similarly |
| logical | 符合逻辑的，合理的 | reasonable |
| magnify | 加强 | intensify，heighten |
| magnitude | 巨大、广大;重大 | importance |
| maintain | 坚称 | claim，assert，allege，suppose |
| major | 主要的 | principal,main,chief，primary |
| manifestation | 表现，显示 | expression，sign |
| manipulate | 操纵、控制 | operate,handle,influence |
| mass | 大块 | bulk |
| massive | 大的，大块的,大规模的 | huge |
| merely | 只是, 不过, 仅仅 | only，simply |
| miniature | 小型的，微小的 | small version |
| mobilize | 动员，调动 | put into action |
| modest | 适中的，不多的 | moderate |
| modest | 简朴的，卑微的 | humble |
| monumental | 纪念性的，重大的，重要的 | significant,momentous |
| moral | 寓意 | Lesson |
| moral | 道德的 | ethical |
| moreover | 而且; 此外 | additionally,besides,furthermore |
| mortality | 死亡 | death |
| necessitate | 使…成为必要，需要 | require，demand |
| neglect | 疏忽;遗漏 | ignore;fail |
| Notably | 尤其 | particularly,especially |
| notice | 发现、注意 | observe,note |
| novel | 新奇的 | new |
| objective | 目标，任务 | purpose,goal,ends,intention |
| obligations | 义务、责任 | responsibilities |
| obsolete | 过时的 | out of date,no longer used |
| on balance | 总的来说 | overall |
| oppose | 反对 | object |
| optimal | 最佳的, 最理想的 | most favorable |
| or so | 大概 | approximately，roughly |
| oscillate | 使振荡，使振动，使动摇 | fluctuate |
| outlying | 偏远的；远离市中心的 | away from center;remote,distant,isolated |
| oversee | 监视，监督 | supervise,survey |
| paradoxes | 似非而是的隽语 | contradictions |
| particular | 特别的, 挑剔的, 独有的 | specific |
| penetrate | 穿透，刺入; 渗入 | pierce,permeate,pass through |
| periodical | 周期性的 | regular |
| perishable | 易腐烂的 | easy to decay/rot |
| permanent | 永久的 | ceaseless,irreversible |
| perpetual | 无休止的 | unceasing,relentless,ceaseless,continuous,without pause |
| persisted | 坚持; 持续 | continued |
| persistent | 持续存在的 | lasting,uninterrupted |
| pertinent | 相关的 | relevant |
| pervasive | 普遍的 | widespread，common |
| pinpoint | 精确的，精准的;详尽的 | locate exactly |
| plague | 折磨，使苦恼 | cause trouble,afflict |
| plausible | 合理的，可能正确的 / 貌似正确的 | believable,seemingly reasonable |
| potential | 潜在的，有可能的; | possible,likely |
| precise | 准确的 | exact，accurate |
| prediction | 预测，预报;预言 | expectation |
| predominate | 支配，占主导地位 | dominate,prevail |
| premise | 前提，假设 | assumption,supposition |
| preservation | 保存，保留 | keep food fresh,conserve |
| preserved | 保护;保持，保存 | protected from destruction;maintain |
| presumably | 据推测;大概;可能;想来 | probably,it is reasonable that |
| primitive | 原始的;发展水平低的;落后的 | undeveloped,crude |
| prior to | 之前 | antecedent,previous,former,preceding,before |
| profound | 极深的, 深厚的 | far-reaching |
| progressively | 前进地，日益增加地; 逐步; | increasingly |
| prolific | 多产的;众多的;富饶的 | productive, fruitful |
| pronouncement | 声明 | statement |
| propagate | 繁衍，增殖 | multiply,reproduce |
| proponents | 支持者，倡导者 | supporters/advocates |
| proportion | 部分；比例；尺寸 | size |
| propose | 提出，建议 | offer,suggest |
| prospect | 预期 | possibility |
| provided that | 假如，倘若 | if,as long as |
| quantify | 计量 | measure |
| radical | 激进的，极端的,根本的 | extreme,fundamental |
| readily | 乐意地, 欣然地，容易地 | easily |
| rebound | 弹回, 复兴, 复原 | recovery |
| redundancy | 冗余 | surplus |
| refined | 精炼的; 精制的; | improved |
| reflect | 显示 | show，reveal |
| regime | 社会制度，管理体制 | government |
| reinforce | 加强，强化 | make stronger,strengthen |
| rekindle | 重新激起 | renew，reawaken |
| relatively | 相对地, 比较而言 | comparatively |
| relics | 遗物，遗迹 | remains,remnant |
| replicate | 复制 | copy，duplicate |
| repudiate | （正式地）否认; 拒绝接受; 拒绝与…往来; | reject,refute |
| resemble | 与…相像，类似于; | look like,be similar to;be analogous to |
| resistant | 有抵抗力的东西；反抗的，抵抗的 | acting against |
| resolve | 解决 | solve,settle |
| respective | separate | |
| result | 结果，产生 | consequence |
| retain | 保持，保留 | keep/maintain |
| retard | 延迟，减速 | slowing |
| retrieve | 挽救，取回 | recover，reclaim，get back |
| revere | 崇敬, 尊敬, 敬畏 | respect |
| revise | 修订 | change,alter,re-examine |
| ritual | 仪式 | ceremony |
| rival/unrivaled | 竞争对手/无竞争对手的，无可匹敌的 | competitor/unequaled |
| rudimentary | 基础的 | basic |
| scarce | 稀有的 | rare,infrequent |
| scarce | 不足的，稀少的 | sparse，meager |
| scattered | 分散的;零散的;疏落的 | irregularly distributed,dispersed，spread out |
| scrutiny | 监视，仔细审查 | close observation |
| sequence | 序列，顺序 | series |
| sever | 切断 | cut |
| shattered | 打碎;破坏，损坏 | broken apart |
| shield | 保护 | protect |
| significance | 重要性 | importance |
| slight | 轻微的，少量的 | small,subtle |
| sophisticated | 复杂的，精致的 | elaborate |
| speculate | 猜测 | hypothesize,guess |
| stationary | 停滞的，固定的 | immobile,fixed，motionless |
| steadily | 逐步地，持续地 | gradually,continuously |
| stimulated | 刺激, 鼓舞, 激励 | motivated，encourage |
| stories | 层 | levels |
| strengthen | 加强、巩固 | reinforce |
| striking | 醒目的, 打击的, 惊人的 | noticeable |
| strip | 除去，剥去; | remove |
| subdue | 制服 | defeat,conquer，overwhelm |
| subject to | 遭受… | susceptible to,exposed to,experience |
| subsequent | 随后的 | following,later,ensuing |
| substantially | 大幅地，充分地 | dramatically,greatly,significantly |
| sufficient | 充足的 | adequate，enough |
| suitable | 适合的 | appropriate |
| supersede | 取代 | replace,supplant |
| suppress | 抑制；镇压 | stop by force |
| supreme | 最高的; 至高的，无上的; | most outstanding |
| surge | 激增 | increase |
| susceptible to | 容易受…的影响 | likely to be affected by，prone to,liable to |
| sustain | 持久 | support，maintain |
| sustained | 持久的，持续的 | uninterrupted |
| switch on | 启动,触发，引起 | activate,trigger,cause |
| synthesize | 合成，组成 | integrate,combine |
| tactic | 策略，战略 | strategy |
| take precedence over | 优先于，比……重要 | important than |
| tangible | 切实的，可触摸的 | physical |
| threatened | 受到威胁的; | endangered |
| thus | 因此 | hence,therefore |
| ties | 联系，纽带 | connections,associations,link |
| tolerate | 忍受 | endure |
| trace | 痕迹 | imprints |
| traditional | 传统的 | conventional |
| traumatic | 痛苦的 | highly stressful |
| troublesome | 麻烦的，棘手的 | difficult |
| ultimate | 最终 | eventually，in the end |
| unbiased | 无偏见的，客观的，公正的 | objective |
| undergo | 遭受, 忍受, 经历 | experience |
| underlie | 成为……的基础，位于……之下 | at the basis of |
| undoubtedly | 毋庸置疑地，的确地;显然;必定;无疑 | certainly |
| uniformly | 一致地 | consistently |
| unprecedented | 空前的 | unlike anything in the past |
| vacate/vacant | 空出，取消/空缺的 | abandon/unoccupied |
| virtually | 事实上, 实质上,几乎 | almost，nearly,almost completely |
| virtue | 美德 | good quality |
| vital | 维持生命所必需的;至关重要的;生死攸关的 | essential，necessary |
| wealth | 财富 | has a lot of money and property |
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