雅思课外读物--成功天注定 2

【经典句式】

date of birth出生日期

enormously极大地

tend to往往

appear to似乎

likely可能的

hold leadership position担任领导角色

land premium job获得优质工作

later in life在以后的生活中

journal杂志;期刊

chief executive首席执行官

on the basis of以……为基础;用……来计算

【犀利观点】成功&出生日期：

One’s date of birth can matter enormously. Most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class at school, which appears to explain why they are significantly less likely to hold leadership positions during high school and thus less likely to land premium jobs later in life.

Even the first letter of a person’s last name can explain significant achievement gaps. Assistant professors in the 10 top-ranked American economics departments,for instance, were more likely to be promoted to tenure the earlier the first letter of their last names fell in the alphabet, a 2006 study found. Researchers attributed this to the custom in economics of listing co-authors’ names alphabetically on papers, noting that no similar effect existed for professors in psychology, whose names are not listed alphabetically.

就连姓氏的首字母也有可能是人们取得的成就天差地别的原因。比如，2006年的一项研究发现，对于美国最顶级的十个经济学院系的助理教授来说，其姓氏首字母在字母表中的位置越靠前，就有可能越早获得终身教职。研究人员将其中的原因归为经济学领域的一种惯例，即发表论文时按姓氏首字母对共同作者进行排序。这项研究还指出，心理学领域的教授发表论文时排名不按姓氏字母顺序，就不存在类似的效应。

【经典句式】

last name姓氏

gap差异

assistant professor副教授

10 top-ranked排名前十的

department院系

likely可能的

promote提拔

tenure终身教职

alphabet字母表

attribute… to …把……归因于

custom习俗

psychology心理学

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